Chrysler 200 is Canada's Most Affordable Mid-Size Sedan

Chrysler has put special incentives on the 2012 200 LX.  Base models are selling for $16,495 plus freight fees and taxes.

I recently had the opportunity to test drive this vehicle when I rented one for the day.  I used the vehicle exclusively for city driving as I headed downtown for dinner and an evening out.  I had hoped for the V6 as I had previously driven a Dodge Avenger with the V6 and absolutely loved the driving experience.  The vehicle that was delivered to me was equipped with the 2.4L I-4 cylinder engine matched with the 4 speed automatic transmission, the base LX package.  I was expecting a much softer ride in the 200 as the suspension is not as sporty as the Avenger, and I was also expecting a lot of lag and soft pickup as the 4 cylinder 2.4l ‘World’ engine is only 173 HP compared to the Best-In-Class Pentastar V6 283 HP power plant.  What I found instead was a responsive vehicle that had enough pickup to make the drive fun while delivering a much larger luxury car feel because of its touring suspension.

The only options that were added to this vehicle were the 17 inch alloy wheels and the U-connect Sirius satellite radio package.  The 17 inch alloy wheels make the vehicle look like a higher option package, and when seeing the vehicle parked on the street, it was certainly a striking looking car.  One of the features of this vehicle that I had not experienced by seeing them on the car lots was the halogen projector headlamps.  These are rarely seen on entry level vehicles and when combined with the LED running lights and tail lights, give the car a sophisticated look of a much more exotic automobile.  The halogen projector headlamps provide excellent roadway illumination because the beams are better focussed.  You actually see a line where the headlamps stop on the horizon providing protection from glare for on-coming traffic.

One of the features that I thought was completely stylistic instead of practical was the analogue clock on the dash above the radio.  Perhaps I’m showing my age when I say it quickly grew on me as a desirable feature.  It was well-placed, well lit, and very functional.  This is one indicator that the 200 seeks out a more mature discerning vehicle buyer who is interested in form while still keeping within a budget.  The Chrysler 200 offers great styling while still being Canada’s most affordable mid-size sedan, based on 2011 Polk Standard Mid-Size Sedan segment.  In addition this vehicle has six standard advanced multistage airbags, electronic stability control with an all speed traction control, active front head restraints, and antilock four-wheel disc brakes, making this vehicle an Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Top Safety Pick.

The driver in me needed to stretch the car out a bit and see what the 4 cylinder would do.  It had a soft fuel-efficient start off the line but once the vehicle hit 3000 RPM, it shot ahead, showing a considerable amount of spunk.  This motor with the 4 speed auto transmission is not made for drag race starts but it provides considerable acceleration. One option available in this vehicle is the 6 speed automatic transmission with auto/stick, which allows you to change gears manually without a clutch. The 6 speed transmission improves gas mileage to 44 mpg hwy, and when you use the auto/stick option and drop it down a gear to get the revs to jump a bit you can get some real on demand acceleration.

Other standard features on this base model 200 LX include steering wheel mounted audio controls, tire pressure monitoring, remote keyless entry, tilt/telescoping steering wheel, air conditioning, 17 inch wheels, power windows, locks, and heated power mirrors, and driver height adjustable drivers seat with lumbar support.

All of this and a Best-In-Class pricing of $16,495 makes the Chrysler 200 a great vehicle for the budget minded individual who expects a touch of class.

The Ultimate Value Package for the Grand Caravan

Waverley Chrysler has once again ordered a large number of Dodge Grand Caravan's with full Stow n' Go, DVD, Parkview back up camera, U-connect bluetooth with Sirius Satellite Radio, 283 hp 3.6 l V6 with 6 speed automatic.  These are the Canadian Ultimate Family Value Package van priced at a national sales price of $26,980.  Last year Waverley Chrysler in Winnipeg sold more of these packages than anyone else in Western Canada.  This year we want a repeat so in addition to everything mentioned, Waverley Chrysler will add autostart to your Ultimate Family Value Van at no extra charge.  Because we sold more than anyone else last year, we have been given the biggest allocation of these vehicles.  If you are interested in Canada`s best selling minivan come on down and see me at Waverley Chrysler.

2012 DODGE CHARGER R/T: Forward Charger

Dodge sport sedan just gets better
By: Graeme Fletcher
While the reworked Dodge Charger will be mistaken for nothing other than a Charger, the upgrades mark a big step forward.
The look is sharper and has more substance, while the interior is so much better than before. It all comes together in a package that is both comfortable and formidable when the power under the R/T's hood is flexed. Of the so-called muscle cars, it is, for my money, the segment leader.

more.... http://autos.winnipegfreepress.com/news-article/id-4545/

Dodge Caravan Offers Performance and Utility

Dodge Caravan Offers Performance and Utility

2012 Dodge Grand Caravan By Darren Somersall The Grand Caravan is Dodge’s famous segment leading minivan with anywhere from 70% to 90% of the Canadian market depending on region. In fact Dodge invented the segment in 1984 and have stuck by it even when other manufacturers have run towards more profitable segments like SUVs and CUVs. And why has Dodge stuck by the minivan? Everyday Canadian families decide that they need a practical vehicle that can fit family and friends one day and move a combination of cargo and people the next, and move sheets of plywood or drywall on the odd weekend project. And they want to do all of this without having to spend money on a high end vehicle. The minivan offers all of this and more for the price of the average mid-size car. Once families have made the decision that a minivan is the way to go, they love the fact that the Dodge Grand Caravan has best in class versatility with its industry exclusive 2nd and 3rd row stow’n go that folds up and disappears in cargo bins in the floor leaving a full 4 x 8 cargo area that can carry up to 1000 lbs. They also love the available rear seat entertainment center that plays CD’s, DVD’s and allows up to 3 different radio options simultaneously for the occupants. Many are impressed by the safety features including 7 airbags that make Grand Caravan a 2011 Insurance Institute for Highway Safety “Top Safety Pick”. Once I have shown families these features I suggest that they take one for a drive and often they say, “Why? It’s just a minivan.” These people are setting themselves up to miss out on one of the best parts of the new Dodge Grand Caravan. In 2011 Grand Caravan had a makeover that included interior soft touch surfaces and ergonomic controls but most importantly it introduced a new more powerful drive train. Gone is the 3.3 L 178 hp of the 2010 Grand Caravan and now Chrysler has introduced the new 283 hp 3.6L DOHC Pentastar engine with Variable Valve Timing, paired with a new 6 speed automatic transmission. This combination increases horsepower by 60% while providing better fuel economy than the old powertrain. The pentastar engine increases power, decreases fuel consumption, emissions, and noise. These features all contribute to the Pentastar earning a Ward’s 10 Best Engines award for 2 years in a row. If you have ever tried to merge into fast moving traffic or pass a slow moving vehicle on a two lane blacktop you will appreciate how much power the new Grand Caravan has. If you are considering a new vehicle and could benefit from the versatility that a minivan can provide, you owe it to yourself to check out the new 2012 Grand Caravan. With current rebates this vehicle is now selling for the lowest price it has been in 18 years, with many of the new features that we have come to expect in todays vehicles.

Six Chrysler vehicles named “Best Buys”

Six Chrysler vehicles named “Best Buys”

Posted on January 18th, 2012 • by Bill Cawthon reposted from http://www.allpar.com/news/index.php/2012/01/six-chrysler-vehicles-named-best-buys

Chrysler Group received nine awards in Consumer Guide Automotive’s 2012 list of “Best Buys” and “Recommended Picks.”
Six Chrysler Group models were awarded Consumer Guide’s prestigious “Best Buys” for the 2012 model year; three more were selected as “Recommended Picks” in the 2012 list.
Chrysler “Best Buys” are: Chrysler 300, Chrysler Town & Country, Dodge Charger, Dodge Grand Caravan, and Dodge Journey and the Ram 1500
Models that received “Recommended Picks” by Consumer Guide for the 2012 model year are: Jeep Grand Cherokee, Dodge Durango and Fiat 500
“We are honored and thrilled to have nine vehicles named as ‘Best Buys’ or ‘Recommended Picks’ by Consumer Guide Automotive,” said Reid Bigland, President and CEO – Dodge Brand and Head of U.S. Sales. “Chrysler Group launched an unprecedented 16 all-new or substantially-refreshed vehicles in 2010 and 2011, models that continue to resonate with both consumers and objective, third parties like Consumer Guide.”
A “Best Buy” rating signifies that a vehicle is ranked at the top of its class and is strongly approved by the editors. “Best Buy” vehicles represent the finest balance of attributes and price within their classes, and they are the best choices for most consumers. Consumer Guide’s “Recommended Picks” feature vehicles that, though not ranked at the very top of their category, are still worth strong consideration by consumers for their unique combination of attributes and value.

Durango named best Mid-Size Traditional Utility on Total Value Index

Posted on March 15th, 2012 • by Bill Cawthon  republished from www.Allpar.com http://www.allpar.com/news/index.php/2012/03/durango-named-best-mid-size-traditional-utility-on-total-value-index

Strategic Vision today released the results of the most recent Total Value Index (TVI). The Dodge Durango was named the best total value in the mid-size traditional utility segment, besting the Ford Explorer and Hyundai Santa Fe.
Total Value is based on owner statements covering 442 attributes and focuses on immediate and expected (long term) economic factors such as warranty, technical innovation, standard equipment, fuel effciency, etc.
Chris Chaney, the company’s Vice President and head of Automotive Research, said, “Our study is the most comprehensive in the industry. In addition to vehicle perceptions, we know what political party the owner claims, their personal media habits and hobbies, as well as what ethnicity they claim —all self-reported and not using any multifarious appended algorithms or systems.”
Chaney adds to the Total Value results, “An important ‘time marker’ in this year’s study is that for the first time in over ten years American manufacturers lead the number of Total Value winners with eleven segment leaders. This is an important milestone toward the ‘domestic comeback.’”
“The way you become a Value leader in this economy is to create an exceptional product that is affordable. Price alone will not determine value. Finally, you deliver vehicles like the Jetta SportWagen and the Volkswagen CC — both segment winners — that fit into the economic structure we live in, including gas prices, fears about rising prices and the economy, and affordability that make the purchase so very desirable. You get so much for such a reasonable, affordable cost with short-term issues (like MPG, plus performance) and long-term issues (like expected dependability and even resale),” says Dr. Darrel Edwards, Founder and Executive Director of Strategic Vision.
The “Total” Value equation involves a number of important cues like great MPG, Resale, Price and Reliability — but what cannot be forgotten is the importance of Innovation. Innovation must be impactful, intuitive and true to what owners desire. This is what owners respond to and what they connect with in meaningful ways, such as they did with the “all new” Mid-Size Traditional SUV segment leader Dodge Durango.

Preowned 2011 Dodge Avenger SXT is a Great Buy

The 2011 Dodge Avenger SXT represents great value in a pre-owned vehicle.

When I arrived at Waverley Chrysler in April of 2011 one of the first things I did was test drive all of the vehicles. Comparing them head to head I definitely developed some favourites among the lineup. The first favourite that I had was a 2011 Avenger SXT. I drove this vehicle back to back with the new 200 Limited and compared them. On paper the vehicles were very similar. Both models had the same motor and transmission as well as the overall dimensions. Dashes and options were very similar but driving these two V6's was as different as night and day.

I drove the Avenger SXT first. I had just driven a Charger SE, so I was familiar with the power of the 283hp Pentastar V6 in the Charger platform. I was pleasantly surprised with the Avenger. The Avenger differs from the Charger both in size and drive train. With a smaller and lighter frame, and front wheel drive, the Avenger seems to be pulling you forward and throwing you back in your seat at the same time. The Avenger SXT is built for drivers. The 2011 had a complete retuning of its suspension, including McPherson struts up front and multilink coils in the rear. The effect was a fun, sporty driving experience that left me calculating what I needed to do to make that vehicle my everyday driver.
Next I drove the Chrysler 200 Limited. The interior was very similar to the Avenger SXT including leather, sunroof and 6.5 inch touch screen media center. Compared to the beast that was waiting to be unleashed with the Avenger, the 200 was a very sophisticated ride. Comfort, quality, and smooth ride are hallmarks of the Chrysler experience and are all present in the Chrysler 200.
It's now 2012 and the new models are out and the 2011's are returning from rental companies and other programs. The vehicles that I test drove in April '11 are now on our lot as 1 year old certified pre-owned vehicles. The Avenger that I drove was retailing for about $ 29,000 cdn. Today that same vehicle sits on our lot with 27,000km and is selling for $19,980.
Here is the listing:

This Weeks Feature Pre-Owned Car:

2011 Dodge Avenger SXT $19,980 27,109 km

This nearly new Avenger SXT has a 3.6l Pentastar DOHC V6 matched with a 6 speed automatic transmission with autostick. At 283 hp this vehicle is rated best in class for power and still manages to achieve 42 mpg or 6.8l/100km highway fuel economy(2011 energuide consumption rating/Transport Canada). Avenger is also a Top Safety Pick by the Institute for Highway Safety. This particular vehicle has a long list of comforts like:

• heated front seats
• 8 way power driver seat
• power sunroof
• sirius satellite radio
• automatic temperature control

• as well as sporty style features including:
• 18 inch aluminum wheels
• dual exhaust with bright tips
• rear spoiler
• projector fog lamps
• leather wrapped steering wheel with audio controls

This vehicle is a sporty driver and packs the punch of a V6 Charger or Challenger in a smaller lighter vehicle. The 2011 Avenger has a completely retuned suspension over earlier models and delivers exceptional sporty handling.

If you or anyone you know would be interested in this vehicle, email me at darrensomersall@gmail.com or call me at 204-802-8273. See more pre-owned vehicles at www.waverleychrysler.ca

The 2012 Dodge Durango - A Clear Winner

By Peer Merx
The 2012 Dodge Durango is a clear winner when it comes to the SUV market in that it clearly has something for everyone without eschewing what it is that makes an SUV unique. Sharing its running gear and platform technology with the Jeep Grand Cherokee, the Detroit-built Durango has the following merits that earn it a place as the Best SUV 2012 has to offer: ample power & performance, reliability, stunningly good looks, utility, safety, and a great price.
In the power department, the Durango’s Pentastar V6 displaces 3.6L, but the advanced engine produces 290 horsepower at 6400 RPM and a potent 260 lb-feet of torque at a lowly 4800 RPM. It is worth noting that the torque and horsepower curves still provide a great deal of potency at the sub-2000 RPM range that is critical for towing.
In fact, Chrysler claims that 90% of maximum torque is available all the way from 1600 RPM up to the 6400 RPM peak. Those consumers that are serious about power and towing will want to take a look at the revamped 5.7L V8 Hemi that produces a thunderous 360 horsepower at only 5150 RPM and a tree-trunk yanking 390 lb-feet of torque at a generously low 4250 RPM.
Dodge has never been known for reliability, but the entire Chrysler family has been making enormous strides in this area in order to shore up a serious deficiency. While the verdict is out on the overall reliability of the new Dodge Durango for a few more years, the fit and finish speak volumes of the progress the entire Dodge family has made.
Add to this the proven track record of its easy to abuse platform mate, the Jeep Grand Cherokee, and it seems like a safe bet to declare the Dodge Durango a massive leap forward in terms of build quality and design. It may not yet be ready to challenge the Toyotas and Hondas of the world, but the new Dodge has a lot going for it.
One of the things that the new Durango has going for it is a great looking body. Gone are the mini-semi looking headlight flares that never quite captured the ponderous look of the RAM front end. In its place is a very elegant and clean design that still manages to pack in a reasonable amount of that Dodge attitude that the brand is so fond of marketing.
The good looks carry over into the inside of the vehicle where soft touch materials are available even on the lowly Express trim level all the way up to the aptly named Citadel.
Never before has a 3-row SUV looked or felt this comfortable at this price point, or been packaged so tightly. Competitors such as those from Detroit rival Chevrolet manage to bracket the Dodge Durango, such as the bigger but less comfortable Tahoe, or the less capable but more comfortable Traverse crossover.
This brings up an excellent point about the Duragno: it never sacrifices its truck-based SUV utility to save a penny or a pound. Even the V6-equiped models can town a very generous 6200 lbs while the Hemi-powered Durangos can tow 7400 lbs. Compare this to the Ford Explorer’s 5000lb, and the Durango seems as might as it looks.
Only a very well equipped Tahoe can tow more, but the price per additional towable pound is outrageous and the difference is a mere 1100 pounds and the fact that the Durango is downright nimble compared to the ponderous Tahoe, and only those that have the extra money to burn would even consider the Tahoe seriously.
Additional utility comes in the form of the storage options which include a sub-deck storage bin and an ample 85 cubit feet with both sets of rear seats folded down. Dodge claims that this is enough to room to stuff a 6-foot couch into the rear of a 2012 Durango, and that claim seems like it would hold water upon visual inspection of the cavernous rear cargo bay.
Even with all three rows of seats up, the sub-deck storage and rear storage room are sufficient for shopping or even for an out-of-town getaway with a few large pieces of luggage. Creature comforts such as cup holders, storage bins, a power rear litigate with remote control, and more are all available as well.
Bundle all this up in a vehicle with a solid frame, over a dozen airbags, electronic stability, four-wheel anti-lock breaks, and a bevy of high-tech accident avoidance features, and it is hard to tell if power, looks, utility, or safety are the prime focus of the engineers that created the new Durango.
One thing is clear: the best SUV 2012 has to offer is a great value. Starting with the RWD Express that comes in at just under the $30,000 mark all the way up to a loaded Citadel that starts at just over the $42,000 mark, it is hard to argue that you do not get more than you pay for with the new Duragno.
Dodge has something to prove, and it is doing it in the company’s typical bold fashion by offering an amazing deal on a vehicle destined to become legendary. It is also worth noting that the Hemi V8 is not all about power, but it can actually be quite fuel-efficient when cruising on level ground thanks to Chrysler’s cylinder deactivation technology, and that helps increase mileage to 14/20US gallons (16.6/10.0 l/100km), while the V6 still manages 16/23 US gallons (13.0/8.8 l/100km). Try getting that with a fully equipped Tahoe!
Peer Merx is an author on various blogs about SUVs and cars. He is expert in large SUVs such as best SUVs of 2012 and 6 passenger SUVs. Read more from him on http://www.bestsuv2012.com
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Dodge-And-Chrysler---Two-Great-SUVs&id=6889712] Dodge And Chrysler – Two Great SUVs

Dodge’s "Canada Value Packages" Deliver lots of Vehicle for Little $$$

Anyone who follows Canadian car ads knows that the new Dodge Grand Caravan and the Dodge Journey both start at $18,998. When you compare these vehicles with other value vehicles out there, Dodge delivers a whole lot of vehicle for the money.
Dodge Grand Caravan is a segment leader in the minivan category in Canada with more than 70% market saturation. This vehicle is the original minivan and has been around since 1984. Today’s vehicles have features that were unheard of in 1984, and the value version of this vehicle in 2012 has a lot more to offer and sells for a lower price. In 1994 the base Grand Caravan sold for $22,995. 18 years later the vehicle is selling for less and now includes power windows, keyless entry, cruise control, tilt steering, 3rd row stow n’ go, V6 power with 283 hp, electronic stability control, 6 speed automatic transmission and 36 mpg highway energuide fuel economy rating. You get all this including a 4ft x 8ft cargo area or seating for 7 passengers, 7 standard airbags, a CD/MP3 player and more. All of this in a base vehicle that is priced comparatively with a base compact car. Add in todays lower interest rates, and the Grand Caravan is more affordable than ever.
Based on the success of the Grand Caravan Canada Value Package, the folks at Chrysler entered the crossover market with the Dodge Journey and priced a Canada Value Package at the same entry price as the Grand Caravan. The Dodge Journey entry-level offering represents great value with its own lineup of standard equipment. Just one look at the keyless Enter n’ Go that unlocks the door whenever the key holder touches the handle, the Sentry touch start, or the U-Connect touch screen media center with USB port, and you see a well equipped vehicle that does not resemble a value package in any way. Standard equipment also includes automatic transmission, air conditioning, power windows, power locks, 7 standard airbags, tire pressure monitoring and electronic stability control, and an all new interior with soft touch materials.
With pricing and features found in Dodge’s two Canada Value Packages, it’s no wonder that both of these vehicles are Canadian segment leaders.

7 Steps to Buying a Used Car

If you have ever been intimidated by the process of buying a used vehicle, here are the 7 steps that will guide you through the pre-owned purchasing process:

1. Determine your needs.

If you are thinking about a used vehicle you probably have some idea of the type of vehicle you are interested in. Take a little time before you wade in to get some information on the vehicle that you are looking for. Also think about the features that you are looking for, and separate them into wants and needs columns. Are you going to be putting lots of mileage on the vehicle? If so then you may want to look at a low mileage vehicle. If you just drive to the corner store and back then a vehicle with high mileage will be less expensive and may have the majority of its miles from highway driving. Is warranty important to you? Take this into calculation when determining which vehicle to buy. Remember that the most expensive vehicle is the one you need to trade in right away because it doesn't meet your needs.

2. Determine your budget

How much do you want to spend? Are you making monthly payments or do you have cash allotted for this purchase? Studies show that 90% of vehicles are purchased with some sort of loan. If you are needing a standard car loan you may want to see your bank to qualify. They will tell you how much you are authorized to spend and at what rate. You can later shop this rate at the dealership you choose to buy from and get the best rate. Many people think that they can get more vehicle for their dollar if they buy older, but if it is a standard car-loan, most lenders will amortize vehicles only until they are 8 years old so an older vehicle will be amortized over a shorter period making the payments higher. If you are concerned with the overall price though the older vehicle may be the way to go. There are good sites on the internet for calculating payments for car loans. Use these to get an idea of what you will have to pay per dollar of car you purchase.

3. Do your homework

The internet is a great source for finding used vehicles. In addition to hundreds or even thousands of used car ads, there are reviews in print, on YouTube and on trade sites. Information about options and specs may be found on manufacturers websites, and consumer e-zines. Make sure to read the fine print on some dealer ads as the price listed often has conditions such as trade-in allowance or financing fees attached to it.

4. Talk to the Seller

If buying privately ask if the owner is the original owner or how long they have owned the vehicle. Find out as much about the vehicle as possible and make sure that the vehicle is safety certified from a licensed mechanic. Also ask if there are any mechanical issues at this time. Tell the owner that it is a little above your budget and ask if you can still come and see it. If they say yes then they are already primed for a lower offer.

If you are buying from a dealership ask as many questions as possible about the history and the options of the vehicle. If the salesperson is evasive or won't answer questions about price, move on. In both cases if you are interested set an appointment to see the vehicle. If you feel uncomfortable with the person on the phone for any reason, move on. If you arrive at the dealership and determine that you were misled, move on. You have to be able to trust the person that you are dealing with.

5. Test drive the vehicle.

Always test drive the vehicle. Let the owner drive it first. This may give you some insight into how the vehicle has been treated. Listen for noises and vibrations that may indicate suspension or brake problems. A safety certificate only indicates that the vehicle is safe to drive at this time. A private seller does not have to pass on recommendations made by the certifying mechanic for issues that barely pass such as brake wear or tire wear.

Take the vehicle, with the owner's permission of course, to a trusted mechanic. They will usually charge an inspection fee around $100 but this is money well spent whether there are issues or not. Use the test drive period in order to take down the current mileage and the Vehicle Identification Number. You will need these for the next step.

If you choose to buy from a dealer they will be able to show you the reconditioning report if it is a certified pre-owned vehicle. These vehicles undergo an inspection and all recommended repairs are completed, rather than just mentioned to the owner. This will give buyers peace of mind. The vehicle may be more expensive but you may feel comfortable that any issues found with the vehicle have not only been noted but fixed to manufacturers specifications.

6. See the Vehicle History.

Now that you have test driven the car, and asked the owner for any service or maintenance records, using the VIN, you can request a vehicle history report from a number of companies found on the internet. This will let you know if the vehicle has ever been in an accident, a flood, a fire, been rebuilt, or stolen. Never buy a vehicle without a history report.

7. Make an offer.

This is the part that scares most people. They feel they need to haggle and feel uncomfortable with this process. If you are responding to an ad where the price has been previously stated, you know what the seller is expecting. If you have done your homework you also know what the average asking price is. One of the most common mistakes people make is making a ridiculously low ball offer and sticking to it. If you offer thousands below the asking price and refuse to come up, you will seriously derail the buying process. Most dealerships advertise a low price in order to attract buyers. If you are lucky you may save hundreds of dollars but very few vehicles will have thousands of dollars of profit in them. If the price is not listed and the salesman will not answer your price questions then the onus is on you to make sure you know what the vehicle is worth. Do not be fooled by the discount they are offering. A huge discount on an over-priced vehicle may still be too high.

If you are buying privately ask the seller if his price is firm. You may be surprised. Often the seller will just need to get rid of it and may tell you this.

Congratulations, you are now ready to start the buying process with confidence. Good luck and happy shopping.